Stopping Distance

The stopping distance is the total distance a vehicle travels from the moment a driver detects a danger until the vehicle comes to a complete stop. It consists of two main components:

1. Reaction Distance: The distance covered while the driver reacts to the danger.
2. Braking Distance: The distance required to stop the vehicle once the brakes are applied.

Factors Affecting Stopping Distance

• Speed: Higher speeds result in longer stopping distances.
• Driver Condition: Factors such as fatigue, alcohol consumption, and reaction time play a significant role.
• Road Conditions: Wet or slippery roads can increase stopping distances.
• Vehicle Condition: The effectiveness of brakes, shock absorbers, and tyres also affects how quickly a vehicle can stop.

Understanding these factors is crucial for safe driving and maintaining appropriate following distances.

Reaction Time and Stopping Distance

1. Reaction Time:
   • The reaction time starts when a driver recognizes a danger and lasts until the brakes are applied.
   • The average reaction time is about one second.
   • This time can vary based on the driver’s condition (e.g., health, alcohol, medication, fatigue).
   • If a driver is prepared to brake (e.g., foot on the brake pedal), the reaction time can be shortened by about two-thirds.
2. Reaction Distance:
   • The reaction distance is the distance the vehicle travels during the reaction time.
   • It depends on both the driver and the speed of the vehicle.
3. Braking Distance:
   • The braking distance is influenced by the vehicle’s speed and the condition of the road and vehicle.
   • At double speed, the braking distance increases fourfold.
   • At triple speed, it increases ninefold.
   • In poor conditions (e.g., snow, wet leaves), the braking distance can become much longer.

Key Takeaway

Driving with foresight, being attentive, reducing speed in advance, and being ready to brake are crucial for safety on the road.

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